NASA's probe is preparing to make its closest approach to the sun in history: PPTVHD36

Current developments in technology make it normal to send probes to study the universe and space, but in the past we often saw sending probes to the moon and various planets, while not sending probes near the stars. Including the sun in our solar system. For well-known reasons, that is, it is too hot!

But recently NASA is about to create an amazing moment. By sending an investigation into the “closest hits” of the Sun in the history of space exploration

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By day December 24, 2024 Space shipParker Solar Probe NASA's spacecraft will pass by the Sun at a speed of 195 km/s and will reach a distance of 6.1 million kilometers (6.1 million km) from the Sun's surface, no man-made object has ever been this close before.

“We are basically close to landing on a star,” said Dr. Noir Rouafi, a scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and one of the Parker project scientists.

He added: “This will be a great achievement for humanity.” This is equivalent to landing on the moon in 1969.

For Parker spacecraft speeds of up to 195 km/s. This is the equivalent of flying from New York to London in less than 30 seconds, and uses the Sun's enormous gravitational pull and centrifugal force to accelerate it. Parker will swing from the vicinity of Venus toward the Sun.

The Parker Solar Probe is one of the most daring missions ever undertaken by NASA. It has been sent into space since 2018, and the goal is to orbit the sun repeatedly to collect data.

As for the next close approach to the sun this year. There are very big challenges. At the point where the Parker spacecraft will be closest to the sun, temperatures at the front of the spacecraft are expected to reach 1,400 degrees Celsius.

Parker's strategy for escaping the heat of hell demands it. It approaches the sun quickly and leaves it quickly. They measure the sun's environment using an array of instruments mounted behind a thick heat shield.

Scientists hope that this study will develop knowledge about some of the important processes that take place in the sun. In particular, a clearer explanation of how the “corona” or outer atmosphere of the sun works. Which consists of high energy particles

What scientists want to know is why the Sun's corona layer, therefore, has a higher temperature than the photosphere. (The photosphere), which is the layer in which sunlight is emitted. But the temperature of the Sun at the surface of the photosphere is only about 6000 degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, temperatures inside the corona can reach a million degrees Celsius or more.

This is contrary to common sense that the temperature should decrease with distance from the star's core.

In addition, within the Corona region, the flow of charged particles, such as electrons, protons and heavy ions, is accelerated into supersonic winds moving at a speed of 400 kilometers per second, known as the world's effective communications “solar wind.” It may even affect the electrical grid.

As for the solar wind, scientists are still unable to fully explain its formation process.

“This brings a new dimension,” Al-Rawafi said, “especially since we are now thinking about sending humans to the moon. And there are plans to establish a permanent settlement on the moon’s surface.”

The December 24, 2024 mission will be Parker's culmination. Because it will not be able to approach the Sun again after December because its orbit cannot pass by Venus. (to throw himself towards the sun) for a longer period

Compiled from BBC