Scientists have always looked at and observed galaxies with amazement. Especially galaxies that have a spiral shape. Why are distant stars on the edge of the spiral arm with stars closer to the galactic center? However, there is almost no difference in the speed of rotation around the galaxy.
Because if we look at the rotation of galaxies according to Kepler's third law or the harmonic law (R)2/a³= k) We will find that if most of the galaxy's mass is concentrated in the center, the speed at the ends of the galaxy's arms must be slower than near the center to comply with this rule.
This strange behavior occurs in many spiral galaxies in the analysis, such as NGC 4378, NGC 3145, NGC 1620, or NGC 7664. Even the Milky Way galaxy in which we live has similar properties. (according to the chart above)
Scientists are searching for reasons to explain this strange discovery. One of the most accepted theories is that there must be a large amount of matter spread throughout the galaxy. It keeps different organisms connected, but this substance is not the element we know. It is invisible. It cannot be measured in any way. Therefore, this substance was called “dark matter” because of its properties.
After the birth of the dark matter theory, scientists are thinking of all kinds of ways to prove the existence of this mysterious substance, such as building detectors under mountains. Using large ground-based radio telescopes or using wide-angle space telescopes specially designed to search for dark matter, etc., but they still cannot detect dark matter. However, dark matter continues to show itself to us through mathematical models such as the Lambda-CDM (Λ-CDM) model states that the universe contains only 5% ordinary matter, but there is five times as much dark matter, i.e. 26.8% and the rest is Dark energy.
Recently, a research team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology led by Elba Alonso Monsalvi and Professor David I. Kaiser has come up with a new, very plausible idea: This is actually why we can't find dark matter. Because it is an ultra-small black hole that formed in the first trillionth of a trillionth of a second. (Quintillion) after the Big Bang event that led to the birth of the universe.
Typical black holes as we know them today are massive black holes created by the collapse of stars. Or are they massive black holes found in the centers of galaxies? But the black holes in Elba's research are no larger than atoms.
Matter in general as we know it today, such as our bodies. Cell phones, clothes, air and water are all made of molecules. Molecules are made up of atoms. The atom consists of electrons and a nucleus.
The electron itself is an elementary particle. This means that it cannot be divided further. The nucleus, which contains two particles together, protons and neutrons, can also be divided further. That is, both protons and neutrons can be separated into elementary particles called quarks and gluons, as shown in the image above.
Gluons are elementary particles that have a spring-like shape as shown in the image above. It binds 3 elementary quark particles together. Quarks have one property: color.
Scientists determine the color of quarks according to three basic colors: red, green, and blue, so that they can be combined to become “white” after they are connected to form protons or neutrons. There are also negatively charged quarks, or “antiquarks,” which are assigned three other colors: yellow, cyan, and magenta. Together they become black. It is the exact opposite of positively charged quarks.
While quarks and gluons today cannot exist as isolated particles, quarks since the founding of the universe have not.
After the new Big Bang event the universe has extremely high temperatures. This allows elementary particles such as quarks to exist as free moving particles. It was these primordial quarks that collapsed together to form a supermassive black hole with a mass comparable to that of the Sun. With asteroids, but they are as small as an atom.
The Elba team predicts that if these primordial black holes were large enough that they would not dissipate sometime after the Big Bang, if they persist to the present day. These black holes and “invisible mass” may also turn out to be the dark matter we are looking for.
During the formation of this very miniature black hole there is also the subsequent formation of even smaller black holes as a by-product. This extremely small black hole has a “unicorn” mass but is only as small as a proton. It retains the “color” and charge properties of quarks.
The team speculates that after the universe cooled rapidly to generate atomic nuclei, the properties of a proton-sized black hole may still leave traces in the nucleus. If this is true, scientists may be able to detect traces of this in the future. As evidence to confirm this theory
The team published the results of this study inMagazine, issue June 6, 2024
picture: Artesium b Via Shutterstock
pointing to:
- A proton consists of two quarks with a charge of +2/3 and a quark with a charge of -1/3 bonded together. Makes charging exactly +1. [(+2/3)+(+2/3)+(-1/3) = 1)] A neutron consists of one quark with a charge of +2/3 and two quarks with a charge of -1/3 bonded together. Make charge 0 [(+2/3)+(-1/3)+(-1/3) = 0)]
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